Continuous-Wave Characteristics of MEMS Atomic Clock VCSELs
نویسندگان
چکیده
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting at 894.6 nm wavelength have been fabricated for Cs-based atomic clock applications. For polarization control, a previously developed technique relying on the integration of a semiconducting surface grating in the top Bragg mirror of the VCSEL structure is employed. More specifically, we use a socalled inverted grating. The VCSELs are polarized orthogonal to the grating lines with no far-field diffraction side-lobes for sub-wavelength grating periods. Orthogonal polarization suppression ratios exceed 20 dB. The polarization stability has been investigated at different elevated substrate temperatures up to 80 C, where the VCSEL remains polarization-stable even well above thermal roll-over.
منابع مشابه
Dynamic Characteristics of VCSELs for Cs-Based MEMS Atomic Clocks
We have fabricated flip-chip-bondable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting at 894.6 nm wavelength for Cs-based atomic clock applications. For polarization control, we have integrated shallow semiconducting surface gratings in the top Bragg mirror. A modulation bandwidth of more than 5GHz is reached at only 0.5mA bias. Modulation current efficiency factors larger than 12GHz/...
متن کاملRapidly swept, ultra-widely-tunable 1060 nm MEMS-VCSELs.
Demonstrated are 1060 nm microelectromechanical-systems-based tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (MEMS-VCSELs) with a 100 nm continuous tuning range under repetitively scanned operation at rates beyond 500 kHz and a 90 nm continuous tuning range under static operation. These devices employ a thin strained InGaAs multiple quantum well active region integrated with a fully oxidised G...
متن کاملSurface Grating Optimization for Low-Threshold Atomic Clock VCSELs
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with emission in a single-mode, singlepolarization beam at a wavelength of 894.6 nm have been fabricated for use in Cs-based atomic clocks. For polarization control, monolithically integrated surface gratings are employed. Simulated and experimental results show that the longitudinal position of the surface grating has a significant influence on ...
متن کاملInverted Grating Relief Atomic Clock VCSELs
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with single-mode and single-polarization emission at a wavelength of 894.6 nm have become attractive light sources for miniaturized Cs-based atomic clocks. So far, VCSELs used for these applications are single-mode because of small active diameters which has the drawbacks of increased ohmic resistance and reduced lifetime. Employing surface grati...
متن کاملDevelopment of VCSELs for Atomic Clock Applications
This article describes the process of transferring an 850 nm VCSEL structure to devices emitting at 895 nm, a wavelength required for cesium-based atomic clocks. We discuss all the effects to be considered and present photoluminescence measurements of the modified quantum well structure. In addition, the influence of δ-doping in distributed Bragg reflectors on VCSEL characteristics, namely thre...
متن کامل